I don't really figured out what caused the problem. But I can say what has happened.
If I wrote some "normal" text in the textarea (tried it also with different browsers) everything worked fine. ("This is a test" was saved correctly.) If I copied + pasted some html-code in this textarea and saved it (e.g. from Dreamweaver), the input was saved corrupted. The begin of the html-code was missing, some strange characters appeared etc. I've analyzed the source html-code - no special "strange" character inside.
But the corrupted text looked like a text when you are doing utf8_encode / decode on a string which contains latin-1 + utf-8 coded characters.
(example:
$test = utf8_encode ("ö"); $test .= "ö";)
I didn't use any charset conversion in my program. So my idea was that there is something happening on the way from php to mysql.
The next strange thing is: It happened only at this program. (I tried php 4.3.6 + php 4.3.11 / apache 2 and apache 1.3.x)
So
a) I am happy that my program is working (finally) b) I am happy that I "only" lost 2 days + 1 day with db upgrade :-)